December 25th
is Jesus Birthday
William G. McIntosh
Nowadays plenty
of people believe that someone invented
Christmas just telling everybody that Christ was born on December 25th
when nobody really knew. Others say the
pagans in Rome
had a feast on Christmas so Christians
just decided to make up the idea that Jesus was born on the same day to
get their minds off of pagan customs. I think both ideas are false.
Since most of us
have no problem with celebrating wedding anniversaries and birthdays. What's
the big deal in celebrating Christ's birthday?
Some will say that the day Christ was born isn't mentioned in the Bible.
But where does the Bible say that it is
the only source of knowledge about Jesus?
You're going to
hear another version now. When St. Peter died he was replaced by other popes.
In the year 337 the 35th replacement of St. Peter was a man named Pope Julius I. A religious leader of
the time named Cyril of Jerusalem asked Pope Julius I to check the Roman census
records to discover the day Christ was born.
This happened, according to the historian John of Nikiu in the middle of the 4th century. In Rome evidence for Dec. 25th
is found in the Philocalian Calendar, com-posed
in 354 by a scribe and antiquarian not long after Pope St. Julius I death in 352, which contains
three important entries. In the civil calendar 25 December is marked
"Natalis Invicti" or birth of the unconquered sun. In the list of
consuls are four entries: the birth and death days of Christ, the entry into Rome , and martyrdom of
Saints Peter and Paul. The significant entry is "Chr. Cæsare et Paulo sat.
XIII. hoc. cons. Dns. ihs. XPC natus est VIII Kal. ian. d. ven. luna XV,"
i.e. during the consulship of
(Augustus) Cæsar and Paulus Our Lord Jesus Christ was born on the eighth before
the calends of January (25 December), a Friday, the fourteenth day of the moon.
Now some will
question the authenticity of these claims but we do see that St. John
Chrysostom asserts in a sermon ,delivered approximately in the year 386, dealing
with Dec. 25th date as the date of Christmas, that he
knows that the census papers of the Holy Family were still there.
Saint John Chrysostom |
St. John
Chrysostom proclaimed: " But Our
Lord, too, is born in the month of December . . . the eight before the calends
of January [25 December]." Evidence that Christ was born on December 25th
(and that this day was not just picked since no one knew the real date) can also be found in the recorded writings of
the Christian Cyprian: "O, how
wonderfully acted Providence
that on that day on which that Sun was born . . . Christ should be
born." Both these proponents of celebrating the Nativity on Dec. the 25th
seem quite emphatic that Christ was actually born on the date.
Now to people of
faith the idea that Almighty God should allow that something secular or even pagan to be the
starting point for revealing something
sacred is no surprise. St Paul at the
Areopagus in Greece
makes reference to the pagan altar dedicated to an "unknown god" when
he launches into his discourse to evangelize the Athenians present.
During World War
II archaeo-logical excavations were carried out below St. Peter's
Basilica. The successful discovery of
St. Peter's tomb enabled the world to see that when Christ proclaimed to Peter
that he was rock and upon this rock he would build his Church Our Lord was not
making a symbolic and empty claim. I'm told that a lead weight attached to a
string and dropped from the center of the great dome at St. Peter's
Basilica (designed by Michaelangelo)
would eventually intersect directly
on top of the actual discovered site of the very tomb of St. Peter the Apostle
and first Pope.
Concerning the true date of Christmas, modern science makes things
interesting. John Mosely an astronomer of the Griffith Observatory in Los
Angeles, CA stated in a monograph in that organization’s publication the Griffith Observer, Dec., 1980 concerning the Star of Bethlehem which is believed to be Jupiter and
other planets aligned in conjunction with it:
"“On Dec. 25th, 2 B.C.,
Jupiter indeed stopped against the background of stars and began its retrograde
motion[ceasing to move westward]. The Magi would have seen Jupiter ‘stopped at
an elevation of 68 degrees, almost directly over Bethlehem , five miles to the south, as they
made their routine predawn observations of the skies.” This occurred on a
Friday just as the Philocalian calendar reported concerning the day Christ was
born!
Assuming that the Magi's visit to bring
gifts to the King of the Jews fell most appropriately on the very birthday of the Savior (if Herod had
a party on his birthday, why not Jesus?)
then maybe the investigation of Pope St. Julius I was not so far fetched nor
did the celebration of Christmas on Dec.
25th begin with a merely shrewd and
handy decision made by some priests.
Also, too, Psalm 18 seems to jive beautifully with the Gospel account of
the Star:
“The heavens show forth the glory of God, and
the firmament declares the work of his hands.”
In conclusion,
settling on the date of December 25th
for Christmas seems more like a discovery of
divine wisdom (thanks to some ancient Roman census record checking)
than a clever solution by evil priests
trying to manipulate Christians. So the next time someone says that no one
really knows the date of Christ's birthday they need to have your help in
putting them back in touch with early Christian history.
The author made use of data
contained in the article "The Reality of the Star of Bethlehem" by
Paul Fisher and from the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia and expresses his gratitude to all those,
living or deceased especially his lovely wife, the late Maria Eugenia McIntosh, who made this work available to all.